- 正向代理,指的是通过代理服务器 代理浏览器/客户端去重定向请求访问到目标服务器 的一种代理服务。正向代理服务的特点是代理服务器 代理的对象是浏览器/客户端,也就是对于目标服务器 来说浏览器/客户端是隐藏的。
- nginx默认支持正向代理http,不支持https
- nginx官方并不支持直接转发https请求,nginx支持https需要ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块。github上开源了模块 https://github.com/chobits/ngx_http_proxy_connect_module。不过维护的ngx_http_proxy_connect_module模块的补丁也是有nginx版本限制的,需根据自身使用的nginx版本选择相应的正向代理模块。可以在REDEME.md的Select patch中查看nginx版本和模块的对应关系
安装包准备
下载nginx安装包
下载正向代理模块的包
版本与模块对照表
部署nginx服务
此处使用的是nginx-1.20.2,对应proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch
上传nginx包和正向模块包
1 2 3 4 5 | mkdir /nginx cd /nginx [root@mysql nginx] # ll -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2. tar .gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip |
解压,改名
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | tar -xf nginx. tar .gz unzip ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip ll drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2. tar .gz drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip mv ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master ngx_http_proxy_connect_module ll drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:27 nginx-1.20.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1062124 Feb 12 15:23 nginx-1.20.2. tar .gz drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Feb 9 16:54 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57926 Feb 12 15:23 ngx_http_proxy_connect_module-master.zip |
安装nginx
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 | yum -y install make gcc openssl openssl-devel pcre-devel zlib zlib-devel cd nginx-1.20.2 ll drwxr-xr-x 6 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 auto -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 312251 Nov 16 2021 CHANGES -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 476577 Nov 16 2021 CHANGES.ru drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 conf -rwxr-xr-x 1 1001 1001 2590 Nov 16 2021 configure drwxr-xr-x 4 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 contrib drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 html -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 1397 Nov 16 2021 LICENSE drwxr-xr-x 2 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 man -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 1001 49 Nov 16 2021 README drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 4096 Feb 12 15:20 src # 查看正向代理模块proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch的位置 ll .. /ngx_http_proxy_connect_module/patch/ -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9849 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_1014.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9697 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9408 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1014.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9505 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_101504.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9496 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1015.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9553 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_1018.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9306 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite_102101.patch -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9337 Feb 9 16:54 proxy_connect_rewrite.patch # 导入模块 后面为模块路径 patch -p1 |
配置正向代理
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 | cd /usr/local/nginx/ #gzip on;下添加 vim conf /nginx .conf #gzip on; #正向代理转发http请求 server { #指定DNS服务器IP地址 resolver 114.114.114.114; #监听80端口,http默认端口80 listen 80; #服务器IP或域名 server_name localhost; #正向代理转发http请求 location / { proxy_pass http: // $host$request_uri; proxy_set_header HOST $host; proxy_buffers 256 4k; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0k; proxy_connect_timeout 30; proxy_send_timeout 60; proxy_read_timeout 60; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_502; } } #正向代理转发https请求 server { #指定DNS服务器IP地址 resolver 114.114.114.114; #监听443端口,https默认端口443 listen 443; #正向代理转发https请求 proxy_connect; proxy_connect_allow 443 563; proxy_connect_connect_timeout 10s; proxy_connect_read_timeout 10s; proxy_connect_send_timeout 10s; location / { proxy_pass http: // $host; proxy_set_header Host $host; } } |
创建nginx用户
nginx服务以用户nginx身份启动
1 | useradd nginx |
检查nginx配置并启动
1 2 | sbin /nginx -t sbin /nginx |
1 2 3 | ss -utnlp | grep nginx tcp LISTEN 0 511 *:443 *:* users :(( "nginx" ,pid=6645,fd=7),( "nginx" ,pid=6644,fd=7)) tcp LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* users :(( "nginx" ,pid=6645,fd=6),( "nginx" ,pid=6644,fd=6)) |
nginx服务所在服务器验证正向代理功能
1 2 | curl -I http: //www .baidu.com/ - v -x 127.0.0.1:80 curl -I https: //www .baidu.com/ - v -x 127.0.0.1:443 |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | curl -I http: //www .baidu.com/ - v -x 127.0.0.1:80 * About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 80 ( #0) * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 80 ( #0) > HEAD http: //www .baidu.com/ HTTP /1 .1 > User-Agent: curl /7 .29.0 > Host: www.baidu.com > Accept: */* > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive > |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 | curl -I https: //www .baidu.com/ - v -x 127.0.0.1:443 * About to connect() to proxy 127.0.0.1 port 443 ( #0) * Trying 127.0.0.1... * Connected to 127.0.0.1 (127.0.0.1) port 443 ( #0) * Establish HTTP proxy tunnel to www.baidu.com:443 > CONNECT www.baidu.com:443 HTTP /1 .1 > Host: www.baidu.com:443 > User-Agent: curl /7 .29.0 > Proxy-Connection: Keep-Alive > HEAD / HTTP /1 .1 > User-Agent: curl /7 .29.0 > Host: www.baidu.com > Accept: */* > |
配置不能访问外网的服务器(即内网服务器),使其可以访问外网
liunx服务器配置
1.只配置使用yum时,能够使用正向代理访问外网
1 2 3 4 | #追加配置 vim /etc/yum .conf proxy=http: //192 .168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址 proxy= ftp : //192 .168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址 |
2.只配置使用wget时,能够使用正向代理访问外网
1 2 3 4 | #追加配置 vim /etc/wgetrc http_proxy=192.168.0.20:80 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址 http_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 #nginx正向代理服务器的地址 |
3.全局配置,所以访问请求都能够使用正向代理访问外网
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | #追加配置 vim /etc/profile http_proxy=192.168.0.20:80 https_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 ftp_proxy=192.168.0.20:443 export http_proxy export https_proxy export ftp_proxy # 加载配置 source /etc/profile |
windows服务器配置
验证不能访问外网的服务器(即内网服务器),使用代理上网
1 2 | curl -I http: //www .baidu.com curl -I https: //www .baidu.com |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 | curl -I http: //www .baidu.com HTTP /1 .1 200 OK Server: nginx /1 .20.2 Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:31:03 GMT Content-Type: text /html Content-Length: 277 Connection: keep-alive Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform Etag: "575e1f60-115" Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT Pragma: no-cache |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 | curl -I https: //www .baidu.com HTTP /1 .1 200 Connection Established Proxy-agent: nginx HTTP /1 .1 200 OK Accept-Ranges: bytes Cache-Control: private, no-cache, no-store, proxy-revalidate, no-transform Connection: keep-alive Content-Length: 277 Content-Type: text /html Date: Sun, 12 Feb 2023 09:31:07 GMT Etag: "575e1f60-115" Last-Modified: Mon, 13 Jun 2016 02:50:08 GMT Pragma: no-cache Server: bfe /1 .0.8.18 |
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