IT俱乐部 Java 详解如何在SpringBoot项目中使用统一返回结果

详解如何在SpringBoot项目中使用统一返回结果

在一个完整的项目中,如果每一个控制器的方法都返回不同的结果,那么对项目的维护和扩展都会很麻烦;并且现在主流的开发模式时前后端分离的模式,如果后端返回各式各样的结果,那么在前后端联调时会非常的麻烦,还会增加前后端的格外任务。

所以,在一个项目中统一返回结果就是一个十分必要和友好的做法。接下来就用一个简单的demo来看看统一返回结果的效果。

1.创建Spring Boot项目

这里比较简单,就不详细介绍了;将多余的文件删除,保持项目的整洁;引入必要的依赖。

demo的项目结构

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org.springframework.bootspring-boot-starterorg.projectlomboklomboktrueorg.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-weborg.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-jdbcorg.mybatis.spring.bootmybatis-spring-boot-starter1.3.2mysqlmysql-connector-javaorg.springframework.bootspring-boot-starter-testtest

2.返回结果的封装

在common包下创建Result结果类,将需要返回的必要数据封装在Result结果类中;这里封装三个属性,第一个是返回的状态码,第二个是返回的描述信息,第三个是返回的数据,此数据是前端需要接收展示的数据。

Result.java

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@Setter
@Getter
@ToString
public class Result implements Serializable {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private int resultCode;
    private String message;
    private T data;
 
    public Result(){
 
    }
 
    public Result(int resultCode, String message){
        this.resultCode = resultCode;
        this.message = message;
    }
 
    // 服务器处理失败
    public Result failure(){
        return new Result(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SERVER_ERROR, "服务器错误");
    }
 
}

创建Constants类,规定基本的状态码所代表的含义;这些状态码的基本规定需要符合常见的状态码含义,并且在一个项目能够保证统一即可。

Constants.java

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public class Constants {
 
    public static final int RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS = 200// 成功处理请求
    public static final int RESULT_CODE_BAD_REQUEST = 412// 请求错误
    public static final int RESULT_CODE_NOT_LOGIN = 402// 未登录
    public static final int RESULT_CODE_PARAM_ERROR = 406// 传参错误
    public static final int RESULT_CODE_SERVER_ERROR= 500// 服务器错误
 
    // 等等,可以根据场景继续添加
}

最后创建结果类生成器ResultGenerator类,用于生成结果类。

ResultGenerator.java

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public class ResultGenerator {
 
    private static final String DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE = "SUCCESS";
    private static final String DEFAULT_FAIL_MESSAGE = "FAIL";
 
 
    public static Result genSuccessResult(){
        Result result = new Result();
        result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS);
        result.setMessage(DEFAULT_FAIL_MESSAGE);
        return result;
    }
 
 
    public static Result genSuccessResult(String message){
        Result result = new Result();
        result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS);
        result.setMessage(message);
        return result;
    }
 
    public static Result genSuccessResult(Object data){
        Result result = new Result();
        result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SUCCESS);
        result.setMessage(DEFAULT_SUCCESS_MESSAGE);
        result.setData(data);
        return result;
    }
 
    public static Result genFailResult(String message){
        Result result = new Result();
        result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_SERVER_ERROR);
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(message)){
            result.setMessage(DEFAULT_FAIL_MESSAGE);
        }else{
            result.setMessage(message);
        }
        return result;
    }
     
    public static Result genNullResult(String message){
        Result result = new Result();
        result.setResultCode(Constants.RESULT_CODE_BAD_REQUEST);
        result.setMessage(message);
        return result;
    }
     
    public static Result genErrorResult(int code, String message){
        Result result = new Result();
        result.setResultCode(code);
        result.setMessage(message);
        return result;
    }
}

3.后端接口实现

这里实现简单的增删改查,并且应用统一返回结果。

3.1 创建实体类

User.java

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@Setter
@Getter
@Generated
@ToString
public class User {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String password;
}

3.2 创建dao层

UserDao.java

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public interface UserDao {
 
 
    /**
     * 查询所有的用户
     * @return
     */
    public List findAllUsers();
 
    /**
     * 根据主键查询用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public User getUserById(Integer id);
 
    /**
     * 添加一个用户
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    public int insertUser(User user);
 
    /**
     * 修改一个用户信息
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    public int updateUser(User user);
 
    /**
     * 删除一个用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    public int deleteUser(Integer id);
     
}

userDao.xml

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select id,name,password from tb_user
order by id desc
 
select id,name,password from tb_user
where id = #{id}
 
insert into tb_user(name,password)
values(#{name},#{password})
 
update tb_user
set
    name=#{name},password=#{password}
where id=#{id}
 
delete from tb_user where id=#{id}

3.3 创建Controller层

这里基本没有任何业务逻辑可言,只是单纯的增删改查,所以也就不太需要业务层了。

UserController.java

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@Controller
public class UserController {
 
    @Autowired
    UserDao userDao;
 
 
    /**
     * 查询所有用户
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result> queryAll(){
        List users = userDao.findAllUsers();
        return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(users);
    }
 
    /**
     * 查询一个用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result queryOne(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        if(id == null || id  insert(@RequestBody User user){
        if(StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getName()) || StringUtils.isEmpty(user.getPassword())){
            return ResultGenerator.genFailResult("缺少参数");
        }
        return ResultGenerator.genSuccessResult(userDao.insertUser(user) > 0);
    }
 
    /**
     * 修改用户信息
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result update(@RequestBody User user){
        if(user.getId() == null || user.getId()  0);
    }
 
    /**
     * 删除一个用户
     * @param id
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(value = "/users/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
    @ResponseBody
    public Result delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
        if(id == null || id  0);
    }
 }

4.前端部分

这里前端使用ajax来与后端进行交互,所以前端资源只需要引入jquery即可。

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user-test.html

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    <title>统一返回结果 | 请求测试</title><div style="width:720px;margin:7% auto">
    <div class="content">
        <div class="container-fluid">
            <div class="row">
                <div class="col-lg-6">
                    <hr>
<div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h5 class="m-0">详情查询接口测试</h5>
                        </div>
                        <div class="card-body">
                            <h6 class="card-title">查询接口返回数据如下:</h6>
                            <p class="card-text" id="result0"></p>
                            <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">发送详情查询请求</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <br><hr>
<div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h5 class="m-0">列表查询接口测试</h5>
                        </div>
                        <div class="card-body">
                            <h6 class="card-title">查询接口返回数据如下:</h6>
                            <p class="card-text" id="result1"></p>
                            <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">发送列表查询请求</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <br><hr>
<div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h5 class="m-0">添加接口测试</h5>
                        </div>
                        <div class="card-body">
                            <h6 class="card-title">添加接口返回数据如下:</h6>
                            <p class="card-text" id="result2"></p>
                            <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">发送添加请求</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <br><hr>
<div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h5 class="m-0">修改接口测试</h5>
                        </div>
                        <div class="card-body">
                            <h6 class="card-title">修改接口返回数据如下:</h6>
                            <p class="card-text" id="result3"></p>
                            <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">发送修改请求</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <br><hr>
<div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h5 class="m-0">删除接口测试</h5>
                        </div>
                        <div class="card-body">
                            <h6 class="card-title">删除接口返回数据如下:</h6>
                            <p class="card-text" id="result4"></p>
                            <a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">发送删除请求</a>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <hr>
</div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
 
 
 
    function requestQuery() {
        var id = $("#queryId").val();
        if (typeof id == "undefined" || id == null || id == "" || id < 0) {
            return false;
        }
        $.ajax({
            type: "GET",//方法类型
            dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型
            url: "/users/" + id,
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            success: function (result) {
                $("#result0").html(JSON.stringify(result));
            },
            error: function () {
                $("#result0").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!");
            }
        });
    }
 
    function requestQueryList() {
        $.ajax({
            type: "GET",//方法类型
            dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型
            url: "/users",
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            success: function (result) {
                $("#result1").html(JSON.stringify(result));
            },
            error: function () {
                $("#result1").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!");
            }
        });
    }
 
    function requestAdd() {
        var name = $("#addName").val();
        var password = $("#addPassword").val();
        var data = {"name": name, "password": password}
        $.ajax({
            type: "POST",//方法类型
            dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型
            url: "/users",
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            data: JSON.stringify(data),
            success: function (result) {
                $("#result2").html(JSON.stringify(result));
            },
            error: function () {
                $("#result2").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!");
            }
        });
    }
 
    function requestUpdate() {
        var id = $("#updateId").val();
        var name = $("#updateName").val();
        var password = $("#updatePassword").val();
        var data = {"id": id, "name": name, "password": password}
        $.ajax({
            type: "PUT",//方法类型
            dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型
            url: "/users",
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            data: JSON.stringify(data),
            success: function (result) {
                $("#result3").html(JSON.stringify(result));
            },
            error: function () {
                $("#result3").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!");
            }
        });
    }
 
    function requestDelete() {
        var id = $("#deleteId").val();
        if (typeof id == "undefined" || id == null || id == "" || id < 0) {
            return false;
        }
        $.ajax({
            type: "DELETE",//方法类型
            dataType: "json",//预期服务器返回的数据类型
            url: "/users/" + id,
            contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",
            success: function (result) {
                $("#result4").html(JSON.stringify(result));
            },
            error: function () {
                $("#result4").html("接口异常,请联系管理员!");
            }
        });
    }

5.验证

验证添加效果

验证查询

验证查询多个用户

修改用户

删除用户

测试也基本成功了,这样统一的返回结果在前端接收处理数据时,会十分具有优势,所以在完整的项目中也都是采用这种方案,到这里这个demo也就基本结束了。

以上就是详解如何在SpringBoot项目中使用统一返回结果的详细内容,更多关于SpringBoot使用统一返回结果的资料请关注IT俱乐部其它相关文章!

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