1. 简介
这是一个基于 Python编写的tkinter 和 pyserial 的串口调试工具。通过图形化界面（GUI），用户可以方便地进行串口通信的设置、数据发送与接收、文件传输等操作。程序提供了对串口参数的全面控制（如波特率、数据位、校验位等），并且支持对发送和接收数据的格式进行多种定制，如 Hex 格式显示、校验码（CRC-16、XOR）等。除此之外，工具还支持自动发送功能，用户可以根据需求设置数据发送的时间间隔，极大地提高了工作效率。
功能
1.串口设置：
用户可以选择串口号、波特率、数据位、校验位、停止位和流控方式。
支持串口端口列表的动态更新。
2.数据发送：
可以手动输入文本数据，或者发送文件。
支持以 Hex 编码发送数据。
可以在数据末尾添加 CRC-16 或 XOR 校验码。
3.数据接收：
支持显示接收到的数据（可以选择以文本或 Hex 格式显示）。
支持接收时显示时间戳。
4.文件传输：
支持发送文件内容，并将其以二进制形式发送。
支持将接收到的数据保存到本地文件。
5.自动发送：
支持定时自动发送数据，发送间隔时间可以设置。
可根据设置的间隔自动循环发送数据。
6.颜色定制：
用户可以设置接收和发送数据的颜色。
7.扩展功能：
提供了“预置命令”和“自动答复”两个扩展功能选项卡，供高级用户自定义命令或响应。
8.状态栏：
显示当前串口连接状态。
显示接收和发送的数据计数。
9.串口控制：
可以打开或关闭串口连接。
在串口连接成功后，自动开始接收数据。
2. 运行效果
3.相关源码
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tkinter as tkfrom tkinter import ttk, messagebox, colorchooser, filedialogfrom threading import Thread, Eventimport timeimport binasciifrom datetime import datetime class SerialDebugger: def __init__(self, master): self.master = master self.serial_port = None self.receive_flag = Event() self.auto_send_flag = False self.rx_counter = 0 self.tx_counter = 0 self.recv_color = '#FF0000' # 默认接收颜色红色 self.send_color = '#0000FF' # 默认发送颜色蓝色 self.extension_visible = False # 扩展窗口可见状态 # 获取默认Checkbutton背景颜色 temp = tk.Checkbutton(master) self.default_bg = temp.cget('bg') temp.destroy() # 初始化ttk样式 self.style = ttk.Style() self.style.configure('Yellow.TCombobox', fieldbackground='yellow') # 初始化界面 self.setup_ui() self.setup_extension_window() self.update_ports() # 绑定事件 self.port_combo.bind(">", self.on_port_change) def setup_ui(self): """初始化主界面布局""" self.master.geometry("990x700") self.master.title("串口调试工具") self.master.minsize(650, 450) # 配置主窗口网格布局 self.master.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) self.master.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=0, minsize=0) # 扩展窗口列 self.master.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # 数据显示区 self.master.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=0) # 控制区 self.master.grid_rowconfigure(2, weight=0) # 状态栏 # ========== 数据显示区 ========== display_frame = ttk.Frame(self.master) display_frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=5) self.text_display = tk.Text(display_frame, state=tk.DISABLED, wrap=tk.WORD) scroll_display = ttk.Scrollbar(display_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.text_display.yview) self.text_display.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll_display.set) self.text_display.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew") scroll_display.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="ns") display_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) display_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1) # ========== 中间控制区 ========== control_frame = ttk.Frame(self.master) control_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="nsew", padx=5, pady=2) control_frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, minsize=200, weight=0) control_frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1) control_frame.grid_columnconfigure(2, minsize=250, weight=0) control_frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, minsize=155, weight=0) # 串口设置区 self.setup_serial_controls(control_frame) # 发送输入区 self.setup_send_controls(control_frame) # 功能区 self.setup_function_controls(control_frame) # ========== 状态栏 ========== self.setup_status_bar() def setup_extension_window(self): """初始化扩展窗口""" self.extension_frame = ttk.Frame(self.master, width=425) self.extension_frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew") self.extension_frame.grid_remove() # 创建Notebook self.notebook = ttk.Notebook(self.extension_frame) self.notebook.pack(expand=True, fill='both') # 预置命令标签页 self.preset_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook) self.notebook.add(self.preset_frame, text="预置命令") # 自动答复标签页 self.auto_reply_frame = ttk.Frame(self.notebook) self.notebook.add(self.auto_reply_frame, text="自动答复") # 设置固定宽度 self.extension_frame.grid_propagate(False) self.extension_frame.config(width=425) def toggle_extension(self): """切换扩展窗口显示状态""" self.extension_visible = not self.extension_visible if self.extension_visible: self.extension_frame.grid() self.master.grid_columnconfigure(1, minsize=425, weight=0) else: self.extension_frame.grid_remove() self.master.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=0, minsize=0) def setup_status_bar(self): """初始化底部状态栏""" status_bar = ttk.Frame(self.master, height=22) status_bar.grid(row=2, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky="sew") self.status_conn = ttk.Label(status_bar, text="未连接", anchor=tk.W) self.status_rx = ttk.Label(status_bar, text="RX:0", width=8) self.status_tx = ttk.Label(status_bar, text="TX:0", width=8) self.status_author = ttk.Label(status_bar, text=" ", anchor=tk.E) self.status_conn.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.X, expand=True) self.status_rx.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.status_tx.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.status_author.pack(side=tk.RIGHT) def setup_serial_controls(self, parent): """串口设置区""" frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text="串口设置", padding=5)#padding 与顶部的距离 frame.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nsew", padx=2) frame.grid_propagate(False) frame.config(width=200, height=155) frame.grid_columnconfigure(1, weight=1) row = 0 ttk.Label(frame, text="端口号:").grid(row=row, column=0, sticky=tk.W) self.port_combo = ttk.Combobox(frame) self.port_combo.grid(row=row, column=1, sticky=tk.EW, padx=6) row += 1 ttk.Label(frame, text="波特率:").grid(row=row, column=0, sticky=tk.W) self.baud_combo = ttk.Combobox(frame, values=[ '300', '600', '1200', '2400', '4800', '9600', '14400', '19200', '38400', '57600', '115200' ]) self.baud_combo.set('9600') self.baud_combo.grid(row=row, column=1, sticky=tk.EW, padx=6) row += 1 # 数据位和校验行 param_row = ttk.Frame(frame) param_row.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=tk.EW) ttk.Label(param_row, text="数据位:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=1) self.data_bits = ttk.Combobox(param_row, values=['5', '6', '7', '8'], width=3) self.data_bits.set('8') self.data_bits.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=4) ttk.Label(param_row, text="校验:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=1) self.parity = ttk.Combobox(param_row, values=['无', '奇校验', '偶校验'], width=3) self.parity.set('无') self.parity.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=tk.EW) param_row.grid_columnconfigure(3, weight=1) row += 1 # 停止位和流控行 param_row = ttk.Frame(frame) param_row.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, sticky=tk.EW) ttk.Label(param_row, text="停止位:").grid(row=0, column=0, padx=1) self.stop_bits = ttk.Combobox(param_row, values=['1', '1.5', '2'], width=3) self.stop_bits.set('1') self.stop_bits.grid(row=0, column=1, padx=4) ttk.Label(param_row, text="流控:").grid(row=0, column=2, padx=1) self.flow_control = ttk.Combobox(param_row, values=['无', 'RTS/CTS', 'XON/XOFF'], width=3) self.flow_control.set('无') self.flow_control.grid(row=0, column=3, sticky=tk.EW) param_row.grid_columnconfigure(3, weight=1) row += 1 self.open_btn = ttk.Button(frame, text="打开端口", command=self.toggle_serial) self.open_btn.grid(row=row, column=0, columnspan=2, pady=5, sticky=tk.EW) def setup_send_controls(self, parent): """发送输入区""" frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text="发送区", padding=5) frame.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nsew", padx=2) frame.grid_propagate(False) frame.config(height=155) frame.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=0) frame.grid_rowconfigure(1, weight=1) frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) top_row = ttk.Frame(frame) top_row.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2) ttk.Button(top_row, text="文件发送", command=self.send_file).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) ttk.Button(top_row, text="数据存至文件", command=self.save_data).pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) ttk.Label(top_row, text="末尾添加校验:").pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.checksum_combo = ttk.Combobox(top_row, values=['None', 'CRC-16', 'XOR'], width=8) self.checksum_combo.set('None') self.checksum_combo.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) self.checksum_combo.bind(">", self.on_checksum_selected) self.on_checksum_selected(None) text_frame = ttk.Frame(frame) text_frame.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="nsew") self.send_text = tk.Text(text_frame, wrap=tk.WORD, font=('Consolas', 10)) scroll_send = ttk.Scrollbar(text_frame, orient="vertical", command=self.send_text.yview) self.send_text.configure(yscrollcommand=scroll_send.set) self.send_text.pack(side=tk.LEFT, fill=tk.BOTH, expand=True) scroll_send.pack(side=tk.RIGHT, fill=tk.Y) def setup_function_controls(self, parent): """功能区""" frame = ttk.LabelFrame(parent, text="功能设置", padding=5) frame.grid(row=0, column=2, sticky="nsew", padx=2) frame.grid_propagate(False) frame.config(width=250, height=155) frame.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1) top_row = ttk.Frame(frame) top_row.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2) self.hex_send = tk.BooleanVar() self.hex_send_cb = tk.Checkbutton(top_row, text="Hex发送", variable=self.hex_send) self.hex_send_cb.pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.hex_send.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.hex_send_cb, self.hex_send)) self.hex_display = tk.BooleanVar() self.hex_display_cb = tk.Checkbutton(top_row, text="Hex显示", variable=self.hex_display) self.hex_display_cb.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=5) self.hex_display.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.hex_display_cb, self.hex_display)) ttk.Button(top_row, text="清空窗口", command=self.clear_display).pack(side=tk.RIGHT) middle_row = ttk.Frame(frame) middle_row.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2) self.timestamp = tk.BooleanVar() self.timestamp_cb = tk.Checkbutton(middle_row, text="时间戳", variable=self.timestamp) self.timestamp_cb.pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.timestamp.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.timestamp_cb, self.timestamp)) color_frame = ttk.Frame(middle_row) color_frame.pack(side=tk.RIGHT) ttk.Label(color_frame, text="收:").pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.recv_color_lbl = tk.Label(color_frame, width=2, bg=self.recv_color, relief="solid") self.recv_color_lbl.bind("", lambda e: self.choose_color('recv')) self.recv_color_lbl.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) ttk.Label(color_frame, text="发:").pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.send_color_lbl = tk.Label(color_frame, width=2, bg=self.send_color, relief="solid") self.send_color_lbl.bind("", lambda e: self.choose_color('send')) self.send_color_lbl.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) auto_frame = ttk.Frame(frame) auto_frame.grid(row=2, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=2) ttk.Label(auto_frame, text="间隔(ms):").pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.interval_var = ttk.Entry(auto_frame, width=8) self.interval_var.insert(0, "1000") self.interval_var.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=2) self.auto_send = tk.BooleanVar() self.auto_send_cb = tk.Checkbutton(auto_frame, text="自动发送", variable=self.auto_send, command=self.toggle_auto_send) self.auto_send_cb.pack(side=tk.LEFT) self.auto_send.trace_add('write', lambda *args: self.update_checkbutton_bg(self.auto_send_cb, self.auto_send)) # 修改发送按钮并添加扩展按钮 button_frame = ttk.Frame(frame) button_frame.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="ew", pady=5) ttk.Button(button_frame, text="发送", command=self.send_data).pack(side=tk.LEFT, expand=True) ttk.Button(button_frame, text="扩展", command=self.toggle_extension).pack(side=tk.RIGHT) def choose_color(self, direction): """选择颜色""" chinese_dir = "接收" if direction == "recv" else "发送" color = colorchooser.askcolor(title=f'选择{chinese_dir}颜色')[1] if color: if direction == 'recv': self.recv_color = color self.recv_color_lbl.config(bg=color) else: self.send_color = color self.send_color_lbl.config(bg=color) def update_checkbutton_bg(self, checkbutton, var): """更新复选框背景颜色""" checkbutton.config(bg='yellow' if var.get() else self.default_bg) def on_checksum_selected(self, event): """校验选项变化事件处理""" if self.checksum_combo.get() != 'None': self.checksum_combo.config(style='Yellow.TCombobox') else: self.checksum_combo.config(style='TCombobox') def send_file(self): """发送文件""" if not self.serial_port or not self.serial_port.is_open: messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请先打开串口") return file_path = filedialog.askopenfilename() if not file_path: return try: with open(file_path, 'rb') as f: data = f.read() if self.hex_send.get(): hex_str = data.hex() data = binascii.unhexlify(hex_str) data = self.add_checksum(data) self.serial_port.write(data) self.tx_counter += len(data) self.display_data(data, 'send') self.update_counters() except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("发送文件错误", str(e)) def save_data(self): """保存数据""" content = self.text_display.get("1.0", tk.END) file_path = filedialog.asksaveasfilename( defaultextension=".txt", filetypes=[("Text Files", "*.txt"), ("All Files", "*.*")] ) if not file_path: return try: with open(file_path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(content) messagebox.showinfo("保存成功", "数据已保存至文件") except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("保存错误", str(e)) def add_checksum(self, data): """添加校验码""" checksum_type = self.checksum_combo.get() if checksum_type == 'None': return data elif checksum_type == 'CRC-16': crc = self.calculate_crc16(data) return data + crc elif checksum_type == 'XOR': xor = self.calculate_xor(data) return data + xor.to_bytes(1, 'big') return data def calculate_crc16(self, data): """计算CRC16校验""" crc = 0xFFFF for byte in data: crc ^= byte for _ in range(8): if crc & 0x0001: crc >>= 1 crc ^= 0xA001 else: crc >>= 1 return crc.to_bytes(2, 'little') def calculate_xor(self, data): """计算异或校验""" xor = 0 for byte in data: xor ^= byte return xor def update_ports(self): """更新端口列表""" ports = [port.device for port in serial.tools.list_ports.comports()] self.port_combo['values'] = ports self.port_combo.set(ports[0] if ports else '') def update_status(self, status, success=True): """更新状态栏""" if success: conn_info = f"{self.port_combo.get()} | {self.baud_combo.get()}波特 | {self.data_bits.get()}数据位 | " conn_info += f"{self.stop_bits.get()}停止位 | {self.parity.get()} | {self.flow_control.get()}" self.status_conn.config(text=conn_info, foreground='green') else: self.status_conn.config(text=status, foreground='red') def update_counters(self): """更新计数器""" self.status_rx.config(text=f"RX:{self.rx_counter}") self.status_tx.config(text=f"TX:{self.tx_counter}") def clear_display(self): """清空显示""" self.text_display.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.text_display.delete(1.0, tk.END) self.text_display.config(state=tk.DISABLED) self.rx_counter = self.tx_counter = 0 self.update_counters() def toggle_auto_send(self): """切换自动发送""" self.auto_send_flag = self.auto_send.get() if self.auto_send_flag: self.auto_send_loop() def auto_send_loop(self): """自动发送循环""" if self.auto_send_flag and self.serial_port.is_open: self.send_data() self.master.after(max(100, int(self.interval_var.get())), self.auto_send_loop) def on_port_change(self, event): """端口变更处理""" if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open: self.close_serial() self.open_serial() def toggle_serial(self): """切换串口状态""" if self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open: self.close_serial() else: self.open_serial() def open_serial(self): """打开串口""" try: params = { 'port': self.port_combo.get(), 'baudrate': int(self.baud_combo.get()), 'bytesize': int(self.data_bits.get()), 'stopbits': {'1':1, '1.5':1.5, '2':2}[self.stop_bits.get()], 'parity': {'无':'N', '奇校验':'O', '偶校验':'E'}[self.parity.get()], 'xonxoff': 1 if self.flow_control.get() == 'XON/XOFF' else 0, 'rtscts': 1 if self.flow_control.get() == 'RTS/CTS' else 0 } self.serial_port = serial.Serial(**params) self.open_btn.config(text="关闭端口") self.update_status("", True) self.receive_flag.set() Thread(target=self.receive_data, daemon=True).start() except Exception as e: self.update_status(f"连接失败：{str(e)}", False) def close_serial(self): """关闭串口""" self.receive_flag.clear() if self.serial_port: self.serial_port.close() self.open_btn.config(text="打开端口") self.status_conn.config(text="未连接", foreground='black') def receive_data(self): """接收数据""" while self.receive_flag.is_set(): try: if self.serial_port.in_waiting: data = self.serial_port.read(self.serial_port.in_waiting) self.rx_counter += len(data) self.display_data(data, 'recv') self.update_counters() time.sleep(0.01) except Exception as e: print("接收错误:", e) break def send_data(self): """发送数据""" if not (self.serial_port and self.serial_port.is_open): messagebox.showwarning("警告", "请先打开串口") return text = self.send_text.get("1.0", tk.END).strip() if not text: return try: if self.hex_send.get(): hex_str = text.replace(' ', '').replace('n', '') data = binascii.unhexlify(hex_str) else: data = text.encode('utf-8') data = self.add_checksum(data) self.serial_port.write(data) self.tx_counter += len(data) self.display_data(data, 'send') self.update_counters() except Exception as e: messagebox.showerror("发送错误", str(e)) def display_data(self, data, direction): """显示数据""" prefix = "收←◆ " if direction == 'recv' else "发→◇ " color = self.send_color if direction == 'send' else self.recv_color if self.hex_display.get(): display = ' '.join(f'{b:02X}' for b in data) else: try: display = data.decode('utf-8', 'replace') except: display = str(data) if self.timestamp.get(): timestamp = datetime.now().strftime("%H:%M:%S.%f")[:-3] full_text = f"[{timestamp}] {prefix}{display}" else: full_text = f"{prefix}{display}" self.text_display.config(state=tk.NORMAL) self.text_display.insert(tk.END, full_text + 'n', (color,)) self.text_display.tag_config(color, foreground=color) self.text_display.see(tk.END) self.text_display.config(state=tk.DISABLED) if __name__ == "__main__": root = tk.Tk() app = SerialDebugger(root) root.mainloop() |
4.总结
这款串口调试工具通过简洁的图形化界面和强大的功能，提供了一个全面的串口通信调试平台。用户可以方便地控制串口参数，进行数据的发送与接收，支持多种数据格式和校验方式，还能够将数据保存至文件。自动发送和扩展功能增加了工具的灵活性，可以满足更复杂的调试需求。整体而言，工具适用于硬件开发、嵌入式调试、协议分析等场景，对于串口通信的开发者和调试人员来说，是一个非常实用的工具。
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